当代企业在以不确定性，敌意和纯粹的数据量为特征的情况下广泛应用机器推理和人工智能提供了无限的机会。该论文开发了一个评估网络，作为在支持人类运营商的不确定性下进行高级融合和推理的图形系统。估值是（不确定的）知识和收集数据的数学表示形式，被表示为信用集，定义为不精确概率理论框架中的连贯间隔概率。具有这种信用集，组合和边缘化的基本操作被定义为满足评估代数的公理。讨论了信用估值网络的实际实施，并在一个小规模的示例中证明了其实用性。

This paper describes the ESPnet Unsupervised ASR Open-source Toolkit (EURO), an end-to-end open-source toolkit for unsupervised automatic speech recognition (UASR). EURO adopts the state-of-the-art UASR learning method introduced by the Wav2vec-U, originally implemented at FAIRSEQ, which leverages self-supervised speech representations and adversarial training. In addition to wav2vec2, EURO extends the functionality and promotes reproducibility for UASR tasks by integrating S3PRL and k2, resulting in flexible frontends from 27 self-supervised models and various graph-based decoding strategies. EURO is implemented in ESPnet and follows its unified pipeline to provide UASR recipes with a complete setup. This improves the pipeline's efficiency and allows EURO to be easily applied to existing datasets in ESPnet. Extensive experiments on three mainstream self-supervised models demonstrate the toolkit's effectiveness and achieve state-of-the-art UASR performance on TIMIT and LibriSpeech datasets. EURO will be publicly available at https://github.com/espnet/espnet, aiming to promote this exciting and emerging research area based on UASR through open-source activity.

Motivated by the increasing application of low-resolution LiDAR recently, we target the problem of low-resolution LiDAR-camera calibration in this work. The main challenges are two-fold: sparsity and noise in point clouds. To address the problem, we propose to apply depth interpolation to increase the point density and supervised contrastive learning to learn noise-resistant features. The experiments on RELLIS-3D demonstrate that our approach achieves an average mean absolute rotation/translation errors of 0.15cm/0.33\textdegree on 32-channel LiDAR point cloud data, which significantly outperforms all reference methods.

Saliency methods compute heat maps that highlight portions of an input that were most {\em important} for the label assigned to it by a deep net. Evaluations of saliency methods convert this heat map into a new {\em masked input} by retaining the $k$ highest-ranked pixels of the original input and replacing the rest with \textquotedblleft uninformative\textquotedblright\ pixels, and checking if the net's output is mostly unchanged. This is usually seen as an {\em explanation} of the output, but the current paper highlights reasons why this inference of causality may be suspect. Inspired by logic concepts of {\em completeness \& soundness}, it observes that the above type of evaluation focuses on completeness of the explanation, but ignores soundness. New evaluation metrics are introduced to capture both notions, while staying in an {\em intrinsic} framework -- i.e., using the dataset and the net, but no separately trained nets, human evaluations, etc. A simple saliency method is described that matches or outperforms prior methods in the evaluations. Experiments also suggest new intrinsic justifications, based on soundness, for popular heuristic tricks such as TV regularization and upsampling.

Airbnb is a two-sided marketplace, bringing together hosts who own listings for rent, with prospective guests from around the globe. Applying neural network-based learning to rank techniques has led to significant improvements in matching guests with hosts. These improvements in ranking were driven by a core strategy: order the listings by their estimated booking probabilities, then iterate on techniques to make these booking probability estimates more and more accurate. Embedded implicitly in this strategy was an assumption that the booking probability of a listing could be determined independently of other listings in search results. In this paper we discuss how this assumption, pervasive throughout the commonly-used learning to rank frameworks, is false. We provide a theoretical foundation correcting this assumption, followed by efficient neural network architectures based on the theory. Explicitly accounting for possible similarities between listings, and reducing them to diversify the search results generated strong positive impact. We discuss these metric wins as part of the online A/B tests of the theory. Our method provides a practical way to diversify search results for large-scale production ranking systems.

随着未来以数据为中心的决策，对数据库的无缝访问至关重要。关于创建有效的文本到SQL（Text2SQL）模型以访问数据库的数据有广泛的研究。使用自然语言是可以通过有效访问数据库（尤其是对于非技术用户）来弥合数据和结果之间差距的最佳接口之一。它将打开门，并在精通技术技能或不太熟练的查询语言的用户中引起极大的兴趣。即使提出或研究了许多基于深度学习的算法，在现实工作场景中使用自然语言来解决数据查询问题仍然非常具有挑战性。原因是在不同的研究中使用不同的数据集，这带来了其局限性和假设。同时，我们确实缺乏对这些提议的模型及其对其训练的特定数据集的局限性的彻底理解。在本文中，我们试图介绍过去几年研究的24种神经网络模型的整体概述，包括其涉及卷积神经网络，经常性神经网络，指针网络，强化学习，生成模型等的架构。我们还概述11个数据集，这些数据集被广泛用于训练Text2SQL技术的模型。我们还讨论了无缝数据查询中文本2SQL技术的未来应用可能性。

作为理解过度参数模型中梯度下降的隐式偏差的努力的一部分，有几个结果表明，如何将过份术模型上的训练轨迹理解为不同目标上的镜像。这里的主要结果是在称为通勤参数化的概念下对这种现象的表征，该概念涵盖了此设置中的所有先前结果。结果表明，具有任何通勤参数化的梯度流相当于具有相关Legendre函数的连续镜下降。相反，具有任何legendre函数的连续镜下降可以被视为具有相关通勤参数化的梯度流。后一个结果依赖于纳什的嵌入定理。

图形上的分层聚类是数据挖掘和机器学习中的一项基本任务，并在系统发育学，社交网络分析和信息检索等领域中进行了应用。具体而言，我们考虑了由于Dasgupta引起的层次聚类的最近普及的目标函数。以前（大约）最小化此目标函数的算法需要线性时间/空间复杂性。在许多应用程序中，底层图的大小可能很大，即使使用线性时间/空间算法，也可以在计算上具有挑战性。结果，人们对设计只能使用sublinear资源执行全局计算的算法有浓厚的兴趣。这项工作的重点是在三个经过良好的sublinear计算模型下研究大量图的层次聚类，分别侧重于时空，时间和通信，作为要优化的主要资源：（1）（动态）流模型。边缘作为流，（2）查询模型表示，其中使用邻居和度查询查询图形，（3）MPC模型，其中图边缘通过通信通道连接的几台机器进行了分区。我们在上面的所有三个模型中设计用于层次聚类的sublinear算法。我们算法结果的核心是图表中的剪切方面的视图，这使我们能够使用宽松的剪刀示意图进行分层聚类，同时仅引入目标函数中的较小失真。然后，我们的主要算法贡献是如何在查询模型和MPC模型中有效地构建所需形式的切割稀疏器。我们通过建立几乎匹配的下限来补充我们的算法结果，该界限排除了在每个模型中设计更好的算法的可能性。

引入了归一化层（例如，批处理归一化，层归一化），以帮助在非常深的网中获得优化困难，但它们显然也有助于概括，即使在不太深入的网中也是如此。由于长期以来的信念，即最小的最小值导致更好的概括，本文提供了数学分析和支持实验，这表明归一化（与伴随的重量赛一起）鼓励GD降低损失表面的清晰度。鉴于损失是标准不变的，这是标准化的已知结果，因此仔细地定义了“清晰度”。具体而言，对于具有归一化的相当广泛的神经网类，我们的理论解释了有限学习率的GD如何进入所谓的稳定边缘（EOS）制度，并通过连续的清晰度来表征GD的轨迹 - 还原流。

语言模型既展示了定量的改进，又展示了新的定性功能，随着规模的增加。尽管它们具有潜在的变革性影响，但这些新能力的特征却很差。为了为未来的研究提供信息，为破坏性的新模型能力做准备，并改善社会有害的效果，至关重要的是，我们必须了解目前和近乎未来的能力和语言模型的局限性。为了应对这一挑战，我们介绍了超越模仿游戏基准（Big Bench）。 Big Bench目前由204个任务组成，由132家机构的442位作者贡献。任务主题是多样的，从语言学，儿童发展，数学，常识性推理，生物学，物理学，社会偏见，软件开发等等。 Big-Bench专注于被认为超出当前语言模型的功能的任务。我们评估了OpenAI的GPT型号，Google内部密集变压器体系结构和大型基础上的开关稀疏变压器的行为，跨越了数百万到数十亿个参数。此外，一个人类专家评估者团队执行了所有任务，以提供强大的基准。研究结果包括：模型性能和校准都随规模改善，但绝对的术语（以及与评估者的性能相比）；在模型类中的性能非常相似，尽管带有稀疏性。逐渐和预测的任务通常涉及大量知识或记忆成分，而在临界规模上表现出“突破性”行为的任务通常涉及多个步骤或组成部分或脆性指标；社交偏见通常会随着含糊不清的环境而随着规模而增加，但这可以通过提示来改善。